The Sharpening Thread

Discussion in 'Knives, Gear, Guns And Other Tools' started by 91bravo, Sep 17, 2016.

  1. Slade

    Slade Member

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    I'd be happy to. I'm a fan of working with the SR101 steel. Does the 311 have a distal taper on it? The ASH-1 I did was near uniform thickness from handle to tip.
     
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  2. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    Not much of a distal taper on it. I know this will make the edge near the tip seem wider than the rest of the blade, due to the thickness at the tip. I don't mind that at all as long as the edge bevel is consistent from side to side!
     
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  3. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    This is good news. I've been using diamonds for over 20 years now and just don't know how I would feel going back to a traditional stone! Talk me in to it Ben!
     
  4. Slade

    Slade Member

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    I suppose that's what you get when the intended purpose is hammering it through cement blocks. :D
     
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  5. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    I also though about sending it out to Josh at Razor's Edge to get the primary grind thinned out with a distal taper towards the tip. That guy is amazing at regrinds!

    But I also want to check out what a KME system can do!
     
  6. Slade

    Slade Member

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    If this goes down, I'll have to send two packages. If I had the time I would have to see what taking it to a super fine polish and then hitting it with a 1200 grit would do for performance.
     
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  7. Bcamos

    Bcamos Member

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    I plan on sending something over to Josh for a dual hollow grind ;)

    Gotta see if I actually like the knife itself when I get it and if I plan on keeping it. That's the hardest part about knife ownership lol.
     
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  8. FortyTwoBlades

    FortyTwoBlades Moderator Staff Member

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    Well, the Arctic Fox blend is done in an ultra-premium special grade of heat-treated aluminum oxide that takes its distinctive blue color because of the inclusion of iron and titanium in the crystals, making them quite literally blue sapphires. We're using 400 grit with a medium-hard ceramic bond, and the stones cut fast but leave a polish and edge like one would expect from a 1000 grit stone, while being hard enough to do well for edge-leading finishing passes and wearing very slowly while being just soft enough to resist glazing. They work great with water, and quickly absorb and then hold that water as a thin film on the surface of the stone, unlike some stones that suck up water while leaving the surface almost dry to the touch even when saturated. In the dual grit stones we're pairing the 400 grit blue sapphire with a grey 240 grit.
     
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  9. Slade

    Slade Member

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    Some S30V goodness. 18 DPS convex freehand. Some tough stuff, but not the easiest to sharpen. Still struggling to take pictures good enough to show the flawless finish. Gives a smooth comfortable shave and will cut hairs .5" from the skin without support.

    [​IMG]

    [​IMG]

    [​IMG]
     
    Last edited: Sep 21, 2016
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  10. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    Looks good @Slade! I changed my mind on the 311. It's real sharp now and I don't think I'm going to take it down any thinner. I'm going to send you cts-204p for a 15dps mirror polish instead!
     
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  11. Slade

    Slade Member

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    CTS-204p and its brethren take an awesome polish. The above is a 18 DPS convex freehand.
     
    Last edited: Sep 21, 2016
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  12. FortyTwoBlades

    FortyTwoBlades Moderator Staff Member

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    These days I find I prefer toothy edges for most tasks. Polished for all of my push-cutting tools like chisels and whatnot, but anything used for general utility I'm mostly making slicing cuts, and toothy edges give me better aggression and edge retention when I keep a coarse (though burr-free) scratch pattern on it.
     
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  13. Slade

    Slade Member

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    Where do you usually stop? I have heard a lot of preference for the 1200 range. And also, how do you remove the burr without removing the projecting "teeth?"

    And I'm always curious what tasks people find a less refined edge better suited for. I suppose its possible that I am generally doing different things with most of my knives. There is definitely more time spent on creating the convex bevel shape at course grit than there is polishing it, so time wise they are very similar for me. In the KME, polishing adds considerable time.
     
    Last edited: Sep 21, 2016
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  14. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    I like finishing with 1200 grit.
     
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  15. FortyTwoBlades

    FortyTwoBlades Moderator Staff Member

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    Going by grit rating alone is kind of superficial because factors like grit protrusion, abrasive particle shape, and bond all play a big role in the resulting edge's qualities, but I generally stay between 180-400 ANSI grit and, depending on the stone being used, I'll possibly do just a few light strokes on a fine ceramic stone to true up the apex without erasing the coarse scratch pattern. You generally want to avoid creating a burr in the first place, and instead just sharpen right up to bringing the edge to an apex and not any further. Bevel setting tends to be best done with hard stones, then a slurry-forming stone to refine the scratch pattern to the desired level (the slurry helps cut off any burr that forms, but tends to make setting a high-sharpness edge difficult) and then finish on a hard stone. But you can work entirely off a hard coarse stone and just use light pressure on the final passes and get a nicely apexed and very aggressive edge.

    There is a big difference between a coarse vs. fine edge, and one is not inherently better than the other for all tasks. In slicing, a coarse and toothy edge will bite far more aggressively and also wear much slower than a polished edge, but it also will not push-cut well. A polished edge will push-cut targets best, but very quickly loses slicing effectiveness. Then there's the space between where you have varying balances between the two types of edges. Scythes and straight razors are good examples of opposite ends of the edge type spectrum, as they use identical edge angles but cut using completely opposite mechanisms.
     
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  16. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    This has been my experience as well. Coarse, less refined edges seem to cut much better on draw and slice cuts when polished passes through material with less drag when push cutting. I used to like finishing with a DMT 600 grit edge and stropping afterwards. Nowadays, I finish with the DMT 1200 grit edge and only take a few swipes on a bare strop.
     
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  17. FortyTwoBlades

    FortyTwoBlades Moderator Staff Member

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    As a minor but important distinction I would say that well done coarse edges are simply less polished, rather than less refined. A less refined coarse edge might have a bad burr on it, for instance. Just like a highly polished edge could be made thick from excessive pressure and angle changes during stropping. :)
     
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  18. 91bravo

    91bravo Guest

    Yeah, you're right, poor choice of words on my part...but you know what I meant. ;)
     
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  19. Slade

    Slade Member

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    Ah yes, getting into what makes sharp. this is always fun. Let's try to keep it civil. I don't mean any offense. I am very scientifically minded and like to discuss these things with those who are willing. I am also a bit biased as a result of my own thoughts on the subject, but I am never unswayable by evidence with theory to support it. Some thoughts

    Disregarding the scratch pattern on anything but the final bevel, because unlike the angle (thickness) of the wedge of metal behind the cutting edge, it has little effect on the action of the leading edge, during sharpening a simple single bevel edge, the scratch pattern continues all the way to the apex of the edge. Notice that I say a simple single bevel edge referring to the final bevel receiving the scratch pattern and not a multi-faceted or back/micro bevel edge where the leading bevel becomes a fine polished final bevel. A course scratch pattern will leave the same scratches in the apex that they leave in the entire final bevel. This scratch pattern in the final bevel form what get referred to as "teeth" in that they are less supported projections of the apex where the two planes meet. This allows them to form a micro-saw if you will as the single line where the two planes meet is not uniform/straight. the edge angle should be the exact same but not necessarily in a straight line since the scratch pattern will terminate in different places. Since the grits on either side can terminate in various places, they woin't always line up and you will end up with "teeth" that are only half as thick as a finer finished edge of the same angle. They may be slightly sharper initially as a result, but they are also now half as thick and therefore less durable. Might the edge behind these teeth still cut well after the projected teeth are removed? I think so, and this is where continued sawing/sliding effectiveness comes in. After all, the edge was initially nearly the same thickness even behind the "teeth."

    A thesaurus will give you polished as a synonym for refined and course as an antonym. The very definition of refinement is 'not course'.

    Soft items that deform easily but also have surface tension benefit from this sawing/slicing action as the uneven leading edge applies more psi and breaks this surface tension. The only example I can think of right now are tomatoes. Hard but flexible items such as most plastics tend to resist shearing as a result of their plasticity e.g. plastic zip-tie. We are adding higher friction as a result of a more uneven surface of a micro-jagged edge causing the plastic to be removed as each small tooth takes a tiny bite out of the plastic as opposed to a refined edge taking much smaller bites, or even gliding on the surface without enough pressure, meaning more work required. I will allow that the pressure required for me to cut zip ties with a refined edge is likely detrimental to metals susceptible to rolling which is also a form of plasticity. For me this is such a small fraction of my use that I accept that it doesn't justify a change.

    With exception to these two rare circumstances, I'm wondering what else I am missing that benefits from a "toothy" edge. The scythe is another good example, but this is certainly not a common use for any of my knives and even a machete is not used in a sliding motion, nor is a lawnmower blade. You could argue that machetes and axes function by force and the structure of the edge becomes less important than the angle, but the refined edge will still be less subject to deformation by way of support structure at the same angle.

    I have a 11 dps convex Shun kitchen knife I use at home in my kitchen daily. I literally have not sharpened it or even honed it in months. The only food items it doesn't meet are hard frozen items, and hard bread. I peel tomatoes with it freehand, knife in one hand, tomato in the other, both hands in the air. After the initial slice to break the surface tension, the thin skin of the tomato is sliced through easily even by a 12,000 ANSI grit edge. For hard bread, a course edge may be slightly better than a refined edge, but the wavy edge of a bread knife is far better than either. I slice cut meat with no issue and never more than a single stroke. I cut stacks of 13/15 bacon approximately 1-1.5" square multiple times this weekend with less than half the length of the 7" kitchen knife described here. I'm thinking that a pushcut makes the length of cut possible theoretically infinite while a toothy edge not capable of pushcuts can only perform for the length of its teeth combined with each stroke.

    Is there an instance where a true serrated edge made up of sturdy large scale visible teeth with a refined edge loses out to a "toothy" edge? Same capability of breaking surface tension via the same or even more psi at the tips of the teeth and a largely protected cutting surface.
     
    Last edited: Sep 21, 2016
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  20. FortyTwoBlades

    FortyTwoBlades Moderator Staff Member

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    I think your "12,000 ANSI grit" is likely a typo. Micromesh grit rating goes up to that but corresponds to a 2µ particle size. ANSI standard goes up to FFFF, which corresponds to an 11µ mean particle size.

    Regarding "toothiness", both informal and quite rigorous testing bear out that low-grit edges maintain cutting efficiency much longer than polished edges when subjected to abrasive wear in slicing cuts. You can see just what a difference in side profile different grits produce in these images, among others. The advantage is less about PSI and more about the way the edge form responds to abrasive wear. A toothy plain edge is able to produce clean, smooth cuts because of the "serrations" being magnitudes smaller than on a serrated knife. A polished edge, even on a serrated knife, has diminished wave height on the micro scale, and so while the serrated form of the blade will help increase the PSI at the macro level still, the wear surfaces will still lose their slicing effectiveness more rapidly than a low grit edge.

    Machetes and axes cut primarily via push-cutting, and so benefit from highly polished edges. However, because they are also often subjected to damage from plastic deformation due to the high impacts they're subjected to, there's often a point of diminishing returns when it comes to the degree of polish many are willing to bother with due to time involved with the task. Fast-cutting abrasives are, therefore, of great advantage in those circumstances.

    Certain materials respond best to slicing force while others respond best to pushing force. Many plastics and most wood responds best to pushing cuts, while grasses, cardboard, flesh, paper, cordage, rubber, etc. respond best to slicing.

    It's worth noting that toothier edges can still push cut. They just don't do it as well as highly polished ones. Just like how polished edges can slice, but not as well.
     
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